TO me it sounds like you have only selected one joint and you have bound the mesh to just that joint (If I read that right). When you smooth bind you have the option to bind to the entire heirachy or selected joints only - I'm guessing you saw that and have chosen to bind to the selected joints only.
The thing about Maya is that if you select say, a knuckle bone, all the other joints will be highlighted down the finger to the tip most joint. But!... that doesn't mean they are actually selected (looks like it I know, that foxed me to start with). You'll need to manually select each joint in the VP. Or you could use the Outliner ot Hypergraph to select the joints you need.
If you want all the joints from the selected joint all the way down to the last joint in the chain you can type 'select -hi' in the command window. (A very simple MEL command that I've put on the shelf as I use it a lot

)
Hope that helps... It could also be a skinning NURBS problem, but I know nothing about NURBS in Maya - so I can't help there.